Host Tree and Soil Characteristics of Crossvine (Bignonia capreolata) in Western North Carolina

Crossvine (Bignonia capreolata) is a high-climbing evergreen liana that occurs across the southeastern and south-central United States. In North Carolina, it grows primarily in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions and is locally uncommon in the Mountain region. One place it has been documented in western North Carolina is within the geologic Hot Springs Window where erosion has exposed ancient sedimentary rocks that have weathered into distinctive soils. We investigated characteristics of host trees and soils supporting crossvine at two locations (Paint Rock and Big Laurel Creek) within the Hot Springs Window as well as a site with a different underlying geology 100 km away along the Cheoah River. Across sites, we documented crossvine on 16 species of host trees. The two Hot Springs Window sites had moderate community similarity of host trees, but other pairwise site comparisons indicated low similarity. Host tree diameter ranged from 5–100 cm and did not predict the number of crossvine stems per tree. Soil pH and humic matter did not differ among sites, but soils from one or both Hot Springs Window sites contained significantly more CEC, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium than soils from the Cheoah River site. Our results suggest crossvine is able to tolerate a range of host tree characteristics and soil nutrient levels, which likely facilitates its persistence at regionally low elevations in the mountains of western North Carolina.