Fungi collected in Nags Head Woods Ecological Preserve (Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina) were identified and catalogued from 1996 to 2001. The 566.6 ha preserve contains the largest contiguous maritime forest on a barrier island on the Atlantic coast of the United States. Its unique diversity of habitats supports maritime deciduous and fresh-water swamp forests. The objective of this study is to document the biodiversity of the fungi of this unique forest. To date, 101 taxa of fungi representing 78 genera have been identified and a checklist of species is presented. Species collected are on deposit in the Mycological Herbarium, Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University.