An ecological and floristic study of bryophytes was made in the wooded floodplain communities of the Bush River (Prince Edward Co.) and Roanoke Creek (Charlotte Co.) in the south-central piedmont of Virginia. Five distinct microhabitats were identified. These include floodplain soils, exposed tree roots in water, moist decorticated logs, embankments of sloughs and rivers, and trees. Forty-two bryophytes were collected in this community. Of this number, 28 are mosses and 14 are liverworts. Thirteen bryophytes are indicators of specific microhabitats on piedmont floodplains.