Distributions of Ohio’s native buckeye species, Aesculus glabra (Ohio buckeye) and A. octandra (yellow buckeye), were documented by collections from all parts of the state. A. glabra is associated with the Wisconsin and Illinoian drifts, and is restricted to outwash deposits and limestone bedrock areas beyond the limits of glaciation. A. octandra is confined to a part of the Unglaciated Allegheny Plateau, and to a westward extension across the state in the deeply dissected terrain bordering the Ohio River. The distribution of A. glabra is correlated with calcareous soils, and the distribution of A. octandra is inferred to be under the combined controls of topography and climates. Distribution maps, based on field records, are presented for the species in Ohio.