A morphological study of the Trillium pusillum Michaux complex was undertaken to clarify the range of variation and taxonomic standing of ten populations in the coastal plain of Virginia and southeast Maryland and two populations in the mountains of Virginia. Morphological measurements were taken from fresh material and analyzed using univariate analysis of variance and nested analysis of variance, and the multivariate techniques of stepwise discriminant analysis and canonical discriminant analysis. No unequivocal geographic patterns of variation were found. The mountain populations were found to have significantly broader leaves and shorter pedicels, but some coastal plain populations were equally divergent if other characters were examined. It is suggested that all of these populations be considered Trillium pusillum var. virginianum Fernald or more simply Trillium pusillum.