The Alabama canebrake pitcher plant, Sarracenia rubra ssp. alabamensis, is an endemic species found in just three counties of central Alabama. This study includes a census of this species, as well as an assessment of the viability of each population. Only eleven sites remain, ranging in size from 2 m2 to 2,200 m2. Numbers of individual plants at each site ranged from 4 to 2,241. There was an uneven distribution of individuals between sites, with 60% of the total occurring at just one site. Most sites were classified as seepage bogs with characteristic acid soils. Associated species included other typical wetland plants and three other kinds of carnivorous plants, and invasive woody plants were prevalent at most sites. Only three of the eleven sites were considered to contain viable populations. Threats to these sites included development, livestock grazing, mining, and the absence of fire. We conclude that S. rubra ssp. alabamensis requires immediate management action to maintain these dwindling populations.