The History of Rhamnus frangula (Glossy Buckthorn) in the Ohio Flora

ABSTRACT
The introduction and spread of <em>Rhamnus frangula</em> (glossy buckthorn) in Ohio is studied, primarily by means of herbarium specimens and literature. In all probability, <em>R. frangula</em> entered the Ohio flora in the early 1920’s with the westward spread of the European starling (<em>Sturnus vulgaris</em>). During the last 50 years it has become naturalized and locally well established in a number of northeastern Ohio counties.